S\u00fct verimini belirleyen temel bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u00c7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 ne kadar iyile\u015ftirilirse iyile\u015ftirilsin genetik yap\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi tavan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lamaz. Genetik yetenek bak\u0131m ve beslenmeyle desteklenmedik\u00e7e iyi sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, genetik yetene\u011fi olmayan ineklerden de uygun verimi almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. En \u00e7ok s\u00fct veren \u0131rklar k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rklar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rklar\u0131ndan Siyah Alacalar 6000-9000 kg, Esmerler 5000-7000 kg, Simentaller 5000-7000 kg ve Jerseyler 4000-5000 kg y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fct vermektedir. Yerli \u0131rklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fct verimleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yerli \u0131rklar\u0131m\u0131z aras\u0131nda s\u00fct verimi en iyi olan G\u00fcney Anadolu K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve y\u0131ll\u0131k 1500-2500 kg s\u00fct verir.<\/p>\n
8.2. YA\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n Bir ine\u011fin s\u00fct verdi\u011fi d\u00f6neme \u2018\u2019Laktasyon\u2019\u2019 denir. Laktasyon say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemesine paralel olarak ineklerin s\u00fct verimlerinde de bir art\u0131\u015f olur. \u0130lk laktasyonda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan s\u00fct verimi her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l artar. Bu art\u0131\u015f 4. laktasyona yani 6-7 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrer. 4. laktasyondan sonra s\u00fct verimi tekrar azalmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n 8.3. CANLI A\u011eIRLIK<\/strong><\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 \u0131rktaki iri yap\u0131l\u0131 inekler daha fazla s\u00fct verirler. Canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ile s\u00fct verimi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiden s\u00f6z edildi\u011fi zaman ayn\u0131 ya\u015ftaki ve ayn\u0131 \u0131rktaki inekler dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ri yap\u0131l\u0131 \u0131rklar, iyi kaliteli ve zengin \u00e7ay\u0131rlara daha \u00e7ok gereksinim duyarlar.<\/p>\n 8.4. LAKTASYON D\u00f6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130neklerde s\u00fct verimi do\u011fumu takip eden ilk g\u00fcnlerde artmaya ba\u015flar ve bu art\u0131\u015f sa\u011f\u0131m\u0131n ilk 2 ay\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek noktaya ula\u015f\u0131r. \u0130kinci aydan sonra s\u00fct verimi yava\u015f yava\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar, s\u00fct verimindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ayl\u0131k olarak % 10-15 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Daha iyi y\u00f6netilen ve dengeli beslenen s\u00fcr\u00fclerde bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f daha az olur. Laktasyonun sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru s\u00fct verimi azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n 8.5. G\u00dcNL\u00dcK SA\u011eIM SAYISI, ARALI\u011eI VE S\u00dcRES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00fct s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genel olarak g\u00fcnde iki kez 12 saat ara ile sa\u011f\u0131m uygulan\u0131r. Sa\u011f\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile s\u00fct veriminde de artma meydana gelir. G\u00fcnde ikiden fazla sa\u011f\u0131m y\u00fcksek besleme d\u00fczeyinde ve y\u00fcksek verimli inekler de yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck besleme d\u00fczeyi uygulanan s\u00fcr\u00fclerde ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimli ineklerde sa\u011f\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile s\u00fct veriminde \u00e7ok az art\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Buda i\u015f\u00e7ilik giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamayabilir. Sa\u011f\u0131m\u0131n 6-7 dakika s\u00fcrmesi idealdir. Sa\u011f\u0131m s\u00fcresinin 4 dakikadan az olmas\u0131 verimin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Sekiz dakikadan fazla sa\u011f\u0131m ise strese yol a\u00e7\u0131p enfeksiyonlara yakalanma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n Resim 8.1. S\u00fct sa\u011f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan bir inek<\/p>\n 8.6. KIZGINLIK, GEBEL\u0130K VE \u0130K\u0130Z DO\u011eUM<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130neklerde 21 g\u00fcn aral\u0131klarla tekrarlanan ve 24 saat s\u00fcren k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k s\u0131ras\u0131nda, s\u00fct veriminde bir azalma olur. \u0130nek gebe kald\u0131ktan sonra hormonlar\u0131n etkisi ile yine s\u00fct verimi azal\u0131r. Bu azalma gebeli\u011fin 5. ay\u0131nda kendini hissettirir, gebeli\u011fin son d\u00f6neminde s\u00fct verimi dikkate de\u011fer derecede d\u00fc\u015fer. \u0130kiz do\u011fumun da s\u00fct verimini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir.<\/p>\n 8.7. BESLENME<\/strong><\/p>\n Y\u00fcksek bir s\u00fct veriminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayvan\u0131n gereksinim duydu\u011fu besin maddelerinin yeterli ve dengeli bir \u015fekilde sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir. S\u00fct inekleri hem s\u00fct verdikleri d\u00f6nemde, hem de kuruda kald\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde miktar ve kalite olarak belli bir oranda yem almal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Rasyon ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz bu oran g\u00fcnde 20 litreye kadar s\u00fct veren ineklerde daha kolay ayarlanabilir. Ancak 20 litreden fazla g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fct verimi olan ineklerde rasyona mutlaka baz\u0131 yem katk\u0131 maddeleri katmak gerekir.<\/p>\n Resim 8.2. Kaba yem yiyen hayvanlar<\/p>\n Laktasyonun ilk birka\u00e7 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde, yemdeki enerji m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar y\u00fcksek tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Zengin ve iyi \u00e7ay\u0131rlar ineklerin g\u00fcnde 7 kg kadar s\u00fct vermelerini sa\u011flayabilir. Verilen kesif yemin her 1 kg\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7in 2,5 kg s\u00fct beklenir. Hayvanlar\u0131n istedikleri an su i\u00e7ebilecekleri \u015fekilde \u00f6nlerinde su bulunmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131, suyun temiz ve \u00e7ok so\u011fuk olmamas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n Resim 8.3. Merada beslenen hayvanlar<\/p>\n Laktasyon sonundaki ve kuru d\u00f6nemdeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 besleme do\u011fum sonras\u0131 yem al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na neden olur. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fta ketosis olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 metabolik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Do\u011fal olarak bu durum y\u00fcksek s\u00fct veriminin d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olur. Baz\u0131 zehirli tohumlar\u0131n, mikotoksinlerin veya yabanc\u0131 maddelerin yenmesi ani s\u00fct d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerine neden olur. Kesif yem oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 da i\u015fkembe dengesini bozarak s\u00fct veriminin d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n 8.8. \u00c7EVRE ISISI<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0131rklar i\u00e7in en uygun \u0131s\u0131 ortam\u0131 5-15 \u00b0C dir. Bu \u0131s\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmeler s\u00fct veriminde dikkate de\u011fer d\u00fczeyde bir farka neden olmaz. \u00c7evre \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile yem t\u00fcketimi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00fct verimi azal\u0131r. S\u00fct verimindeki azalma \u00e7evre \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 25 \u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile belirgin hale gelir. Ufak yap\u0131l\u0131 \u0131rklar, iri yap\u0131l\u0131 \u0131rklara g\u00f6re \u00e7evre \u0131s\u0131s\u0131na daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Jerseyler, Esmerlere ve Siyah Alacalara g\u00f6re \u00e7evre \u0131s\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Is\u0131 artmas\u0131n\u0131n aksine \u0131s\u0131 azalmas\u0131nda iri yap\u0131l\u0131 \u0131rklar, ufak yap\u0131l\u0131 \u0131rklara g\u00f6re daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olurlar.<\/p>\n 8.9. BUZA\u011eILAMA MEVS\u0130M\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Sonbaharda buza\u011f\u0131layan ineklerden en y\u00fcksek, yaz\u0131n buza\u011f\u0131layanlardan ise en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde s\u00fct verimi al\u0131n\u0131r. Sonbahar ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131n buza\u011f\u0131layan inekler laktasyonun normal seyrine uygun bir \u015fekilde ilk 3-4 ay y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde s\u00fct verirler. Bu s\u00fcreyi izleyen ilkbaharla birlikte \u00e7ay\u0131rlar geli\u015fir ve \u00e7ay\u0131rlardan yararlanan sa\u011fmal inekler y\u00fcksek s\u00fct verim d\u00fczeyini mevsim boyu koruyabilirler. Yaz\u0131n buza\u011f\u0131layan hayvanlar ise genellikle sararm\u0131\u015f ve vakti ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7ay\u0131rlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130lk 2-3 ay y\u00fcksek olan s\u00fct verim d\u00fczeyi k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde iklim, yem ve olumsuz \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fer. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak laktasyon s\u00fct verimi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olur. Yani en fazla s\u00fct sonbaharda buza\u011f\u0131layan, sonra k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve ilkbaharda buza\u011f\u0131layan ineklerden al\u0131n\u0131r. En az s\u00fct\u00fc ise yaz\u0131n buza\u011f\u0131layan inekler verirler.<\/p>\n 8.10. KURUDA KALMA S\u00dcRES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Laktasyon d\u00f6nemi sonunda memede s\u00fct salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131 olay\u0131na ine\u011fin kuruya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 denir. Kuruya \u00e7\u0131kma ile bir sonraki buza\u011f\u0131lama aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrede kuru d\u00f6nemdir. Kuru d\u00f6nem, hayvan v\u00fccudunun ve meme dokusunun dinlenmesi, bir sonraki laktasyona haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. 10 ay sa\u011f\u0131l\u0131p 2 ay kuruda b\u0131rak\u0131lan ineklerin s\u00fct verimi daha fazla olur.<\/p>\n 8.11. HASTALIKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00fct inekleri sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir meme, ayak ve i\u015fkembe yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131 zaman sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve bol s\u00fct verirler. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen veya gizli sindirim bozukluklar\u0131 ile mastitis (meme iltihab\u0131) olaylar\u0131 s\u00fct ineklerinin verimini azalt\u0131r. \u0130neklerde mastitis, \u015fiddetine g\u00f6re % 5-25 oran\u0131nda s\u00fct azalmas\u0131na sebep olur. Ayak hastal\u0131klar\u0131, t\u0131rnak \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve t\u0131rnekler\u0131n uzamas\u0131 s\u00fct verimini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f parazitler kans\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7arak s\u00fct verimini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n 8.12. EKSERS\u0130Z<\/strong><\/p>\n Her g\u00fcn yap\u0131lacak orta derecede hareket ineklerde s\u00fct veriminin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bar\u0131naklarda devaml\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulan inekler g\u00fcnde en az bir kez serbest b\u0131rak\u0131larak gezinmeleri sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu gezinme v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dengelenmesi i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7ok fazla veya daha az eksersiz s\u00fct verimini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130neklerde s\u00fct verimi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu fakt\u00f6rleri \u0131rk, ya\u015f, canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, laktasyon d\u00f6nemi, g\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011f\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k, beslenme, \u00e7evre \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, buza\u011f\u0131lama mevsimi, kuruda kalma s\u00fcresi, hastal\u0131klar ve eksersiz olarak sayabiliriz. 8.1. IRK S\u00fct verimini belirleyen temel bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u00c7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 ne kadar iyile\u015ftirilirse iyile\u015ftirilsin genetik yap\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi tavan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lamaz. Genetik yetenek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,4],"tags":[9,12,11,10],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":402,"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions\/402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"sut_verim_egrisi\"](\"http:\/\/aksehirgrup.com\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/sut_verim_egrisi.jpg\")
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